APPENDIX B

A Chronology of Influential Computer Languages

Konrad Zuse in Nazi Germany may have developed the first real computer programming language, "Plankalkul" ca. 1945. This is mentioned in the 1978 ACM History of Programming Languages FORTRAN session.

According to Sammet, over 200 programming languages were developed between 1952 and 1972, but she considered only about 13 of them to be significant.

• 1957 FORTRAN
• 1958 ALGOL
• 1960 LISP
• 1960 COBOL
• 1962 APL
• 1962 SIMULA
• 1964 BASIC
• 1964 PL/I
• 1966 ISWIM
• 1970 Prolog
• 1972 C
• 1975 Pascal
• 1975 Scheme
• 1977 OPS5
• 1978 CSP
• 1978 FP
• 1980 dBASE II
• 1983 Smalltalk-80
• 1983 Ada
• 1983 Parlog
• 1984 Standard ML
• 1986 C++
• 1986 CLP(R)
• 1986 Eiffel
• 1988 CLOS
• 1988 Mathematica
• 1988 Oberon
• 1990 Haskell